Free resources · 20 topics

Cybersecurity, made simple.

Short, concrete guidance on the scams, phishing tactics, and small-business risks people run into most often. Each topic takes a minute or two to read, includes what to watch for and what to do, and is built to forward to the person who needs it.

Reviewed by TractionGRC Inc., a Washington State IT consulting and ISMS company · Last reviewed April 2026

Guidance here is general and US-focused. Verify specific reporting steps with your IT team or local authorities in your region.

Start here

Use this page in three simple steps.

1. Learn the warning signs

Skim a topic to quickly recognize common red flags and scam patterns.

2. Know what to do next

Open the checklist and action steps. Each topic lists the concrete moves to make in the first 15 minutes.

3. Pass it on

Send it to a parent, a teammate, or your board. Whoever will benefit most.

Need a starting point?

For everyone

Start with phishing, passwords, and MFA.

For families and seniors

Start with phone scams, gift card scams, and tech support scams.

For SMBs and nonprofits

Start with BEC, wire verification, and employee offboarding.

Browse by audience

Find the topics most relevant to you.

Choose an audience, then narrow further by topic category below. General topics are shown for every audience.

How to spot a phishing email

If an email feels urgent or asks for sensitive information, pause. Hover over links, do not click. Check the sender carefully.

Watch for
  • Unexpected urgency
  • Suspicious links
  • Sender address mismatch
  • Asks for passwords or money
What to do
  • Do not click anything
  • Report to IT or your email provider
  • Delete after reporting

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Text message scams (smishing)

Fake delivery notices, bank alerts, and toll-road bills sent by text. This is one of the fastest-growing scam channels right now.

Watch for
  • Unexpected package or delivery alert
  • Urgent bank or account warning
  • Toll-road or DMV payment demand
  • Link uses a strange short URL
What to do
  • Do not tap any links in the text
  • Forward the message to 7726 (SPAM) in the US and Canada
  • Delete it
  • If concerned, log into the real account separately

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Password best practices

Long beats complex. Use a password manager and stop reusing passwords across sites.

Watch for
  • Long (16+ characters)
  • Unique to each site
  • Stored in a password manager
  • Never shared over email or chat
What to do
  • Get a password manager (1Password, Bitwarden)
  • Replace reused passwords first
  • Enable MFA wherever offered

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MFA explained in 30 seconds

Multi-factor authentication is one of the most effective ways to protect an account. Here is why.

Watch for
  • Something you know (password)
  • Something you have (phone/key)
  • Something you are (fingerprint)
What to do
  • Use an authenticator app, not SMS, when possible
  • Save backup codes somewhere safe
  • Enable on email, banking, and work accounts first

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Account recovery scams

Attackers send a real password reset code to your phone, then ask you to read it back. Never share recovery codes.

Watch for
  • Unexpected verification code text
  • Caller asking you to read a code
  • Pressure to confirm 'for security'
  • Code arrives before you requested anything
What to do
  • Hang up immediately
  • Never share verification codes
  • Real companies will never ask for them
  • Change your password if you shared one

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Avoiding common online scams

Most scams use the same emotional triggers: urgency, fear, and the promise of easy money. Learn the patterns.

Watch for
  • Too good to be true offers
  • Pressure to act immediately
  • Requests for gift cards or wire transfers
  • Unsolicited tech support calls
What to do
  • Pause before responding
  • Verify through a known channel
  • Never pay with gift cards
  • In the US, report to FTC at reportfraud.ftc.gov

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What to do if your account is hacked

Take calm, ordered steps. Start with email, because it is the master key to everything else.

Watch for
  • You cannot log in
  • Friends getting weird messages from you
  • Login alerts from unfamiliar locations
  • Money or items missing
What to do
  • Recover your email account first
  • Change passwords on key accounts (bank, work, social)
  • Enable MFA everywhere you can
  • Check what was accessed and tell anyone affected

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The 'grandchild in trouble' phone scam

Someone calls claiming your grandchild is in jail or in an accident and needs money urgently. It is almost always a scam.

Watch for
  • Caller says 'do not tell mom or dad'
  • Demands money via gift cards or wire transfer
  • Voice may sound off or rushed
  • Will not let you call back
What to do
  • Hang up
  • Call your grandchild directly on their normal number
  • Call their parents to confirm
  • Never send money based only on a phone call

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IRS, Social Security & Medicare scam calls

US government agencies do not call to demand payment or threaten arrest. Ever. If someone says they are from the IRS on the phone, it is a scam.

Watch for
  • Threats of arrest or legal action
  • Demands immediate payment
  • Asks for Social Security number
  • Wants payment in gift cards or crypto
What to do
  • Hang up and do not engage
  • The IRS contacts you by mail, not phone
  • Report to TIGTA at tigta.gov
  • Never give your SSN to a caller

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'Microsoft' or 'Apple' tech support scams

A pop-up appears saying your computer is infected and to call a number. Microsoft and Apple do not do this.

Watch for
  • Loud beeping or alarm sound
  • Pop-up that will not close
  • Phone number to call for 'support'
  • Claims your computer is locked
What to do
  • Do not call the number
  • Do not let anyone remote into your computer
  • Close the browser (force quit if needed)
  • Restart your computer

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Romance scams to watch for

Someone you have never met in person asks for money. Even if you have talked for months, it is almost always a scam.

Watch for
  • Has never met you in person
  • Always has an excuse not to video call
  • Story involves overseas work or military
  • Eventually asks for money or gift cards
What to do
  • Stop sending money immediately
  • Reverse-image-search their photos
  • Talk to a trusted family member
  • Report to FTC and the platform you met them on

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Why gift cards are always a red flag

No real business, government agency, or family member will ever ask you to pay them with gift cards. Not the IRS, not Apple, not your grandson.

Watch for
  • Asked to buy iTunes, Google Play, or Amazon cards
  • Told to read the numbers on the back
  • Pressured to do it right now
  • Told it is the only way to pay
What to do
  • Stop. This is always a scam.
  • Do not share the card numbers
  • If you already did, call the card issuer immediately
  • Tell a family member

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Using public WiFi safely

Coffee shop WiFi is not as dangerous as it used to be, but it is still smart to take a few precautions.

Watch for
  • Avoid logging into banking on public WiFi
  • Look for HTTPS in your browser
  • Disable auto-connect to unknown networks
  • Turn off file sharing
What to do
  • Use a VPN if you handle sensitive work
  • Use your phone's hotspot for high-risk tasks
  • Forget the network when you leave

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Business email compromise (BEC)

Attackers impersonate executives or vendors to redirect payments. It is a common and costly scam targeting SMBs.

Watch for
  • Sudden change in vendor banking info
  • Urgent CEO requests via email
  • Slightly different sender domain
  • Pressure to bypass normal approvals
What to do
  • Verify all banking changes by phone
  • Use a known number, not one in the email
  • Require dual approval for wire transfers
  • In the US, report to FBI IC3 if hit

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Ransomware basics

Ransomware encrypts your files and demands payment. Backups are your best defense, and often your only real exit.

Watch for
  • Sudden file extension changes (.locked, .encrypted)
  • Ransom note appearing on screen
  • Files will not open as expected
  • Slow system performance
What to do
  • Disconnect the affected device immediately
  • Avoid paying if possible (no guarantee files return)
  • Restore from offline backups
  • Report to CISA and local law enforcement

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Vendor invoice fraud

An email arrives 'from' a real vendor with new bank details for the same invoice you are expecting. The new account belongs to an attacker.

Watch for
  • Banking details changed mid-relationship
  • Invoice arrives slightly earlier than usual
  • Email address has minor differences
  • Urgency to pay before deadline
What to do
  • Call the vendor on a known number to verify
  • Never use a phone number from the email itself
  • Document all banking changes in writing
  • Train AP staff on the pattern

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When an employee leaves

Forgotten access is one of the biggest SMB risks. Have a checklist and run it the same day.

Watch for
  • Email and SSO accounts still active
  • Personal devices with company data
  • Shared password manager access
  • Cloud storage and SaaS tool access
What to do
  • Disable accounts on day of departure, not later
  • Rotate any shared passwords they knew
  • Recover devices and revoke MFA tokens
  • Forward email to a manager temporarily

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Why board members get targeted

Nonprofit board rosters are public. Attackers know who you are, where you work, and that you can authorize payments. Plan accordingly.

Watch for
  • Email pretending to be the ED or board chair
  • Request to buy gift cards for staff
  • Urgency around an event or deadline
  • Asks to bypass normal process
What to do
  • Verify any payment request by phone
  • Establish a 'no gift cards, ever' policy
  • Use email warning banners for external mail
  • Brief new board members on this risk

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Verifying wire transfer requests

A 5-minute phone call to verify a wire request is the cheapest insurance you can buy. One missed call has cost organizations millions.

Watch for
  • Email-only payment instructions
  • Banking details that arrive last-minute
  • Sender pushes back on verification
  • Amount is unusual or oddly specific
What to do
  • Always verify by voice call to a known number
  • Require two approvers for wires above a threshold
  • Wait for callback if anyone is unavailable
  • Document the verification in writing

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These resources are part of our broader cyber safety work. Free, shareable, and aimed at the people outside well-resourced IT teams: nonprofits, small businesses, families, schools, and the general public.

Learn more

Need help taking the next step?

When your organization is ready to move beyond awareness and put a real compliance program in place, ISO 27001, SOC 2, CMMC 2.0, a supplier assurance response, or something else, TractionGRC is what comes next.